preculture and batch phase.......................229–230

product determinatio........................................ 235

substrate uptake rates........................................ 235

Cedex Bio Analyzer.......................................................105

CelGro® scaffold .................................................. 136, 140

Cell activity, in 3D scaffolds

bioartificial tissues ...................................................127

bioreactor system ........................................... 129–130

mechanical compression load and fluid flow

parameters....................................................131

sample preparation ..................................................130

sample transfer and chamber assembly ..................131

Cell adhesion................................................................... 85

Cell attachment and matrix synthesis ..........................131

Cell attachment efficiency............................................... 88

Cellbag container ................................149–152, 154, 155

Cell colonization studies, bacterial nanocellulose-based

grafts for.............................................. 205–207

materials

antibodies .......................................................... 208

assays and staining solutions............................. 208

bioreactor setup.........................................207–208

cell culture ......................................................... 208

chemicals and solutions .................................... 208

consumables ...................................................... 209

hardware ....................................................209–210

methods

AcLDL uptake assay.......................................... 216

acridine orange staining.................................... 218

bioreactor setup.........................................210–211

CD31 immunofluorescence staining .......218–219

cell seeding ................................................211–212

considerations.................................................... 210

lactate monitoring.....................................212–213

Phalloidin—FActin staining .....................216–218

small diameter vascular grafts, connection ...... 211

termination of experiment................................ 216

WST-1 proliferation assay.........................213–215

Cell culture medium composition ................................. 88

Cell expansion ...........................................................73–75

Cell growth...................................................................... 85

Cell harvesting...............................................................260

CELLine AD 1000 bioreactor flask

adapting cells, to long-term bioreactor

media................................................... 186–187

cell culture ...............................................................185

characterization materials .......................................185

EVs

characterization .........................................188–189

harvesting .......................................................... 187

isolation and purification ......................... 188, 191

isolation materials.............................................. 185

RNA................................................................... 190

illustration................................................................184

imaging bioreactor growth surface ............... 189–190

inoculation of cells ......................................... 185–186

preparation ..............................................................185

shed cells......................................................... 187, 188

ultrafiltration or multiple ultracentrifuge

spins..............................................................183

Centrifugation...................................................... 197, 199

Chemostat cultivation.......................................... 223, 224

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells ................................ 1

Chondrocytes, rocked disposable bioreactor

advantages................................................................145

cellbag container with inlet and outlet port..........150

cell culture ...............................................................148

cell density and viability..........................................153

cell staining..............................................................148

CP5 cell inoculum preparation ..................... 147–148

DO and pH level.....................................................154

glucose consumption rate......................149, 153–154

intracellular oxidoreductases ......................... 148–149

lactate dehydrogenase.................................... 149, 154

maintaining CP5 cells in bioreactor.......................152

metabolic activity of cells adhered to

microcarriers ................................................153

microcarrier conditioning.......................................147

preparation of CP5 chondrocyte

inoculum............................................. 151–152

ReadyToProcess WAVETM 25 bioreactor

system.................................................. 149–150

rehydration, conditioning, and sterilization of

microcarriers ................................................151

samples for analysis ........................................ 148, 152

Classic fed-batch cultivation............................................. 2

CLAVEsampling port ...............................................155

Commercially available single-use bioreactors .............. 84

Compression bioreactors ..............................................128

Conventional continuous process times ......................224

CP5 chondrocytes...............................................146, 147,

151, 152, 154, 155

Cryovials ............................................................................ 2

Cultivation container ...................................................... 84

Cytodex 3 microcarriers .....................146, 147, 149, 151

D

Decellularization .................................158, 164, 167, 168

Decellularized tracheal ECM-based porcine bio-scaffold

generation....................................................... 160–163

repopulation ...........................................161–162, 164

Detergent circuitries ............................................ 173–174

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, STR

aeration ...................................................................... 18

bioreactor.............................................................19, 20

chronometer.............................................................. 20

dynamic method .................................................23, 24

electrode of................................................................ 24

268 BIOREACTORS IN STEM CELL BIOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS

Index